Electric Vehicles

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 Day by day petrol price hike might have made us at least think about an Electric Vehicle. Most of us are really confused whether to own one or not due to many reasons like higher price, maintenance, lesser range, availability of charging stations etc. It is actually a technological wonder. Let us now see what are the advantages, challenges as well as disadvantages of owning an EV. EVs came into existence in mid-19th century. Electricity was only one among the preferred method of vehicle propulsion. Later, modern IC Engines dominated the sector. In 21st Century, highly efficient EVs which were capable of replacing IC engines were produced. The main advantage was its emission-less engines. Increased focus in renewable energy and to reduce climatic changes caused due to carbon emission was the main agenda for the EV developers. Nowadays, electric engines are capable enough to produce an equivalent power which an IC Engine can generate. Premium automotive brands like Mercedes, BMW, Po...
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Working of true RMS meter

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 In a DC amplifier, two thermocouples form the part of the bridge in the input circuit. The input voltage is then amplified and given to the thermocouple's heating element. The heat produced by the wire is sensed using a measuring thermocouple that will produce DC voltage proportional to it. The DC voltage upsets the bridge balance. DC amplifier, amplifies the unbalanced voltage and is given to the heating element. When these two thermocouples produce the same output voltage, the reestablishment of the bridge occurs. Now the feedback thermocouple’s heating element is proportional to the AC current within the input thermocouple i.e, the RMS value of input AC signal is proportional to the DC.


        DC value is indicated by metre moment in the output circuitIn the output circuit, meter moment indicates the DC value. A frequent limitation of the utility of the RMS respond voltmeter for the measuring highly nonlinear wave forms 

           A typical laboratory type RMS responding voltmeter has a crush factor of 10/1 (10:1). At 10% of full scale deflection it can go as high as 100/1. The crest factor of a waveform is the ratio of its peak value to the RMS value. The crest factor of a pure sine wave is 1.414 but non-sinusoidal waveforms can have much larger crest factors. The RMS level of waveforms with a crest factor of 2 or 3 can be determined by most RMS measuring instruments. Waveforms with higher crush factors are more difficult to measure. The maximum waveform crest factors is usually specified for all RMS measuring instrument. 

      The need for the two RMS metres has grown as possibility of non sinusoidal waves in the circuits has greatly increased in recent years.


 Eg:- variable speed motor drives

Electronic ballasts

Computers

HVAC

Solid state environments


 True RMS is the only AC voltage reading that does not depend on the shape of the signal which means it often is the most useful measurement for the real world waveforms.

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